How to Write You in Chinese Characters

The most effective method to Write You in Chinese Characters From a straightforward welcome to framing complex sentences, learning the Chinese character for you is essential to chatting in Chinese. Here is a brisk clarification on which kind of you to utilize contingent upon the circumstance, what the character represents, and how to articulate it.â Casual, Formal, and Pluralâ The casual method to state you in Chinese is ä ½ (nç ). This type of you is coolly used to address companions, peers, anybody you have a cozy relationship with, and regularly individuals who are more youthful than you.â The conventional variant of you is æ‚ ¨Ã¢ (nã ­n). æ‚ ¨ ought to be utilized while tending to older folks, regarded figures, and people of higher position or status. On the off chance that you are tending to various individuals without a moment's delay, you in the plural is ä ½ ä » ¬ (nç  men).â Radicals The Chinese character ä ½ is made out of a crown or spread (å†â€") that goes over Ã¥ ° , which all alone is the word for â€Å"small. The left 50% of the character comprises of the radical: ä º ». This radical gets from the character ä º º (rã ©n) which means individual or individuals. Thus,â ä º »is the individual radical which infers that the importance of the character identifies with individuals. Elocution ä ½ (nç ) is in the third tone, which takes on a falling at that point rising tone. While expressing the syllable, start from a high pitch, go down, and return up.â æ‚ ¨ (nã ­n) is in the subsequent tone. This is a rising tone, which implies you start from a low pitch at that point go upwards.â Character Evolution A previous type of you in Chinese was a pictograph of a decent burden. This image was later disentangled to the character Ã¥ °. In the long run, the individual radical was included. In its present structure, ä ½ could be perused as â€Å"someone who is adjusted, or of equivalent stature,† meaning â€Å"you.† Mandarin Vocabulary With Nç  Since you realize how to compose and state you in Chinese, its chance to apply your insight! Here are a couple of instances of regular Chinese words and expressions that includeâ ä ½ . ä ½ Ã¥ ¥ ½ (nç Ã¢ hçžo): Helloä ½ è‡ ªÃ¥ · ± (nç  zã ¬ jç ): Yourselfæˆ'çˆ ±Ã¤ ½ (wç' iâ nç ): I love youè ¿ ·Ã¤ ½ (mã ­ nç ): Mini (a phonetic translation)ç ¥ Ã¤ ½ çÿæâ€" ¥Ã¥ ¿ «Ã¤ ¹  (zhã ¹ nç  shängrã ¬ kuilã ¨): Happy birthday

Electrical gadget

Need to make your PC experience a little†¦ Bulgier? Without a doubt you need to watch your preferred film in a big screen since it simple to watch, and give you a great deal of fulfillment. II. At the point when I need to choose to sit in front of the TV utilizing PC a couple of years back, I truly have no clue how to interface the link. At that point, around then my companion tells me simple strides on the best way to do it. Sick. I have found out about the means during that time and I did extra research for this discourse. IV.Today I will educate you three principle steps f how to utilizing TV as a PC screen which are comprise thought about state of TV and PC, associations among them and changing PC settings. (Changes: Let's beginning by searching for what are the contemplations) Body l. The initial step Is to take contemplations about the state of TV and PC In request to get the best outcome in the wake of evolving it. A. Save the TV at the correct stature for PC utilize 1. I t is ideal to keep the TV at a tallness where your eye level is generally % of the route up the screen, much like with a monitor.B. Ensure your TV has great goals 1. At the point when your PC sends the picture to the TV, it will be intended for an a lot littler screen. 2. Indeed, even with a high goals TV, some content may seem foggy. 3. With a lower goals TV, you may have an exceptionally troublesome time perusing content C. Discover your PCs yield alternatives 1. Take a gander at the rear of your PC and distinguish the yield choices. 2. These are once in a while marked, however they might be simpler to recognize by taking a gander at pictures of the yields online D. Discover your TV's info choices.

A Window into Being a Dual Degree Student COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A Window into Being a Dual Degree Student COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We are the academic mavericks at SIPA. We take an extra long time to introduce ourselves in classes. But it’s only because we are a different breed. A different type of crazy. Some of us are staying on for as long as 4 years. Super seniority, all for a good cause. For the purposes of this blog, my focus is on dual degree (DD) programs between SIPA and other schools within Columbia University. SIPA has dual degree partnerships with 8 schools, however, despite the MIA/MPA program similarities, some of these dual degrees exist with either MIA/MPA, but not both. Here are the options: M.I.A. and Master of Science in Urban Planning (M.S.) M.I.A. and Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) M.I.A. and Master of Science in Journalism (M.S.) M.I.A. and Juris Doctor (J.D.) M.P.A. and Juris Doctor (J.D.) M.I.A. and Master of Public Health (M.P.H.) M.P.A. and Master of Public Health (M.P.H.) M.I.A. and Master in Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences (M.A.) M.P.A. and Master in Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences (M.A.) M.I.A. and Master of Science in Social Work (M.S.S.W.) M.P.A. and Master of Science in Social Work (M.S.S.W.) M.P.A. and Jewish Theological Seminary Master of Arts (M.A.) I am a dual degree International Affairs and Social Work student, which means that my program lasts for 3 years. Two of those years are spent not only taking classes at both schools, but also completing the required fieldwork hours for the social work program. Fieldwork encompasses a diversity of work, including policy advocacy, community organizing, therapeutic work with diverse populations, and supporting programmatic work at a variety of organizations. It obliges all social work students to complete 600 hours of work over two years. For me and other fellow dual SIPA/CUSSW DD-ers, it makes for frenetic days in which we scramble to/from schools/hospitals/non-profit organizations/UN offices/etc. and campus. In the midst of hair-tearing predicaments over deadlines and our clients’ issues, we continue the mad hamster-wheeled dash, constantly reminding ourselves that the reward is but over that faraway horizon. The dual degree option is a giant undertaking. It will test your energy levels, resilience, and certainly, your bank account. Though it cannot be denied that having that second degree on your resume looks mighty impressive, it deserves a second, third and more thought before devoting yourself to this journey. Here are the most important questions to ask yourself: Will this second degree actually advance my career goals/aspirations? Do I really want to spend the extra semester/year in school? Can I afford to spend the extra semester/year in debt? Do I have the willpower to last an extra semester/year in school? Should you decide that the dual degree road is for you, here are the most important tips/suggestions I can offer you (in consultation with other fellow DD-ers): Communicate: Reach out to fellow DD-ers, your professors, your work/internship supervisors, and the Assistant Dean (Leah Gunn Barrett). They need to be aware of the fact that you are taking on a weighty challenge. Should something happen with one of your obligations, it will give you better leverage in the next step Advocate: The ultimate test of grad school is in your own ability to advocate for your own needs. No one else can do this for you! post contributed by Emily Siu, a dual degree Social Work   and International Affairs student concentrating in Economic and Political Development (EPD)

5 Men Who Inspired Martin Luther King, Jr.

Importance of Intercultural Communication to Ist - 7702 Words

Chapter 4 - The Deep Structure of Culture Introduction Our interpretation of reality determines how we define the world and how we interact in that world. We believe the source of how a culture views the world can be found in its deep structure. It is this deep structure that unifies and makes each culture unique. Meaning of the Deep Structure of Culture Although many intercultural communication problems occur on the interpersonal level, most serious confrontations and misunderstandings are as a result of cultural differences that go to the basic core of what it means to be a member of one culture or another. Cultural collisions are evident worldwide e.g. ethnic violence in Africa, clashes between Hindus and Muslims in both India†¦show more content†¦Whether it is the Eightfold Path, the Ten Commandments, or the Five Pillars of Islam, the messages of these writings survive. Each generation is given the wisdom, traditions and customs that make a culture unique. However, one needs to be aware of the fact that often deep-seated hatreds that turn one culture against another also endure. iii) Deep Structure Institutions and their Messages are Deeply Felt The content generated by these institutions, and the institutions themselves, arouse deep and emotional feelings. Think for a moment about the violent reactions that can be produced by taking Gods name in vain. Countries and religious causes have been able to send young men to war, and politicians have attempted to win elections by arousing people to the importance of God, country, and family. Regardless of a persons culture, the deep structure of that culture is something people feel intensely about. iv) Deep Structure Institutions Supply Much of Our Identity We are not born with an identity and of the most important responsibilities of any culture is to assist its member in forming their identities. Through countless interactions we discover who we are. We learn our identities through socialization. Charon. Remember that socialization takes place in the family. As you come in contact with other people, you begin to develop a variety of identities. Everyone hasShow MoreRelatedThe Literacy Level Of The Learner2090 Words   |  9 Pages 1. Classroom talk Learner talk in the target language can only flourish if teachers themselves are prepared to use and maintain the TL the MFL classroom as the main communication language. But there are many other factors that contributes to learner talk in the TL or the lack of it. One prominent factor is the literacy level of the learner in his own mother language. There might be a lack of grammatical knowledge as well as problems with spelling, reading and writing. If the learner has not yetRead MoreMiscommunication: Phonology and Message5776 Words   |  24 PagesInhalt 1. Introduction 1 2. Phonetics and phonology – the transmission of a message 2 2.1. A communication model 2 2.2. Phonological elements of communication 3 2.3. Prosodic elements of communication 4 3. Miscommunication – Problems in the auditory channel 6 3.1. Hearing and Listening 6 3.2. Channel- based and interactional- related miscommunication 8 3.3. Sender and receiver related miscommunication 8 3.3.1 Prosodic problems 9 3.3.2 Phonological problems 10 4. Analysis of miscommunicationRead MoreAbstract: Culture6941 Words   |  28 PagesABSTRACT Culture is the background of every human communication. Cultural embedding as a feature of texts in general is also valid in technical and scientific texts. As translation by humans is based on understanding, the translator needs knowledge in order to detect cultural aspects. This is possible by putting down implicit cultural references to certain structures on the text level. Cultural elements appear in the text on all levels – from the concept and form of words, to the sentence and textRead MoreManaging the International Value Chain in the Automotive Industry60457 Words   |  242 Pagestheopportunitiesofferedbytheglobaleconomic system.However,thecompetitivepositionofan internationallyactivecompanyisnotdetermined MartinSpilker Program director Thechangesthathavetakenplaceinoperations, production,communicationsanddecisionmakingareparticularlyevidentintheautomotive industry.Thereisnosuchthingasaâ€Å"worldcar†; particularlyinthemassmarket,manufacturers needtoadapttheirproductstosuiteachindividualcountry.Thisisnotanewinsight

Project Management and Rick - 963 Words

Developing Your Empowering People (Delegating) Skill â€Å"Developing Your Empowering People (Delegating) Skill† Elam A. Ramos MGT/521 January 15, 2014 Elsie Jimenez-Galarza Abstract Presents the analysis and give a team solution to the delegation scenario from Chapter 10 of the MGT/521 Management text book. Scenario Ricky Lee is the manager of the contracts group of a large regional office supply distributor. His boss, Anne Zumwalt, has asked him to prepare by the end of the month the department’s new procedures manual that will outline the steps followed in negotiating contracts with office products manufacturers who supply the organization’s products. Because Ricky has another major project he’s†¦show more content†¦4. Inform others that a delegation has occurred h. Bill is part of the contracts group. Rick must inform the rest of the office that Bill has accepted the responsibility of preparing the new manual. i. Also the suppliers have to be informed of this delegation. It is very likely that Bill will be contacting them in the process of generating the new manual. j. Rick must also notify other managers within the organization who may be involved in the preparation of the new manual. k. The communication to other has to indicate the project, and the extent of the authority Bill has been delegated in order to successfully complete the project. 5. Establish feedback channels: l. Rick must agree with Bill on how the progress of the project will be tracked. In addition to tracking the project progress, Bills performance has to be monitored as well. Periodic meetings should be held between Rick and Bill to discuss the progress of the meeting and Bill’s performance. It is not clear from the scenario how much time is available to complete the project. A brief 5 to 10 minute meeting in the morning every other day could be setup between Bill and Rick to discuss the project. m. 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COUNSELORS CONTRACTING: John Murphy works close to employees and the client to help them to identifyRead MoreHP Kittyhawk case study analysis833 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿BA 569: Advanced Strategic Management Case Write-ups—Hewlett-Packard: The Flight of the KittyHawk(A) Two years after launching the Kittyhawk in mid-1992, Rick Seymour, the Kittyhawk project leader, was facing a dilemma to continue the project with the three possible options or to recommend to abandon this project. Due to the comparatively small market share in disk-drive market, Bruce Spenner, the general manager of the Disk Memory Division, decided to enlarge Hewlett-Packard’s market share byRead MoreCritical Chain, By Eli Goldratt Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagescommon mismanagement of projects. In response, many approaches to project management have been developed in order to mitigate the adverse effects of the inevitable ambiguity. 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Regardless of these dangers, most communities have more than oneRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas of Collecting Data and the Consequential Revision of Commodities, Culture and the Politics of Representations Definitions 1751 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics, wants and needs of members in society as possible consumers of their product. Randall Foster (2002), in his article Customer relationship management: Has Customer Understanding Finally Become an Attainable Commodity?, mentions customer relationship management solutions has become a $7 million dollar business. These management solutions, which are based from big data systems, have become increasingly popular throughout the corporate world because companies are demanding informationRead MoreW L Gore Associates1300 Words   |  5 Pagesthis is the only way they are measured. This is a voluntary commitment, and many find it hard to keep up with it and opt to leave (Deutschman, 2007). Tenacity is another aspect linked to Gores innovation. 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Endangered Species Act free essay sample

Examines provisions in requirements for citizen suits, statute case law, efficacy of suits, enforcement, deterrence. One of the animals that may soon come off the ESAs list in a certain, prescribed area, is the Grizzly Bear. The Department of Interior (DOI) (which runs FWS) has decided to remove the 600 or so Grizzlies in and near Yellowstone National Park from the federal endangered list. Why? It would put protection of the bears in the hands of state wildlife officials in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, according to a USA Today article. The other reason for taking the Grizzly off the federal protected list is that the bears population in the Yellowstone area has increased from around 200 in 1975, to about 600 today. The Grizzly once number around 50,000 throughout the western United States and now there are about 1,200 remaining. They live primarily in four regions: Yellowstone, Glacier National Park (Montana), the Selkirk Mountains (Idaho), and in the Cabinet Mountains in Montana. We will write a custom essay sample on Endangered Species Act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Grizzlies in those other three areas will remain on the ESA list of protected animals.

Psychological Disorders and Behaviors

Various psychological disorders and behaviors such splitting, stalking, Multiple personality disorder and serial sexual killing have been identified. People with psychological disorders and behaviors exhibit various characteristics that show they have a problem. The focus of this paper will be on splitting, multiple personality disorders, free will and finally whether human beings are wired for trouble.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Disorders and Behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Splitting refers to a mechanism in which a person is imbued with good and bad characteristics. The good and the bad exist simultaneously in a person albeit separately stored from each other. The two sides coexist simultaneously as they fail to integrate into one hence split (Savvopoulos, Manolopoulos, Beratis, 2011). The splitting occurs in individuals because of borderline. Borderline is the notion of a thin li ne that every individual possesses, and it stands between two sides that is relative normality and abnormality and leads to failure of telling the difference between fantasy and reality. A person who fails to differentiate between reality and fantasy suffers from borderline personality stalker. Such individuals have two extreme sides due to intense personal relationships, and they can cross from one of devaluation to over idealization in a heartbeat. Individuals who mostly stalk celebrities have borderline stalker personalities (Simon, 2008). Persons with splitting not only fail to integrate the bad and the good in other people, especially the ones idealized, but also fail to integrate with their own self-image hence they split it. A person without borderline personality stalker can integrate the good and bad in self and others and create a realistic whole those with cannot. They are emotionally unstable and hence impulsive that means they can shift their moods quickly and the mood change can last for a number of hours or even days. Depression makes the borderline personality stalker worse as it makes the individuals magnify their feelings and go out control. For example, criticism can make an individual vent out anger toward a person and even harm them. Other things that trigger the condition are rejection, lack of self-image and the individuals stalk celebrities in an attempt to gain self worth (Simon, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The personalities are usually difficult in treating because the borderline patients keep crossing from one side to another for instance, they may revere their therapists and in other, they hate them if they think they have been provoked. Moreover, the patients do not even know about the contrasting feelings they experience for the same person hence the difficulty in treatment due to splitting (Simon, 2008). The other psych ological disorder is Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) that occurs in persons who have two or more personalities that are fully developed. In other cases some personalities may be fragments however each personality is unique for instance with different behaviors and memories. Some personalities are aware of the presence of the others but others may not know of the existence of the others. MPD develops from severe child abuse and psychiatrists urge that most of the patients experience the abuse during their sixth and seventh year of their lives. The young abused children develop psychological mechanism of dealing with the traumatic experiences they go through in the hands of their abusive parents. The psychological method of dealing with the pain results into multiple personalities (Simon, 2008). Abuse during childhood causes MPD as explained in the following paragraph A child who experiences severe abuse in the hands of their parent(s) is often unable to assimilate the action of t he loving parent to that of the abuser that inflicts pain. The child is helpless and cannot escape from the abusive parent or caretaker physically and hence a mind warp occurs. The mind warp means that the, â€Å"young child tends to view self and others in all-or-nothing, good-and-bad terms† (Simon, 2008, p.146). A person with MPD has two types of personalities that is destructive and protective personalities. The destructive personalities often harbor anger or guilt that may be directed at the primary personality. The destructive personality may unleash violence when it takes control. The destructive personalities develop because of the pain experienced as a child and they duplicate the abuse experienced during childhood. For instance, a person who was sexually abused as a child may grow up, become a pedophile, and hurt other children. Other patients may create an environment that enables other men to hurt their own children, neighbors or family friends among others. It is important to note that not all victims of abuse become abusers as adults as statistics show that about 70 t0 90% of the victims of abuse do not become abusers. The cycle of abuse perpetuates because children imitate their parents hence they become abusive like their parents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Disorders and Behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The abused children come to accept the abuse, and blame themselves for their parents’ behavior towards them. Some children developed MPD to deal with the abuse but others do not but may develop destructive lifestyles, physical problems and depression among others (Simon, 2008). Neuroscience confirms that human beings lack total free will. The free will enables an individual to make choices on how to act, and one without a free will cannot control their actions. The notion of lack of total free will is controversial because some peopl e urge that if human beings do not have free will cannot blame people for their destructive actions or praise those who do well. If free-will lacks there can be neither legal culpability nor moral responsibility (Gardar, 2011). The notion of lack of free will would influence many sectors of our live such as the economy and the justice system greatly. For instance, people are punished in the justice system to deter future occurrences of bad behavior and to give justice to those harmed however; the justice system does not punish people who are considered crazy because they are assumed to have acted destructively due to a force beyond them. Therefore, punishing people who have no free will would be similar to punishing crazy people. Some neuroscientists urge that some people make bad choices because they have a faulty brain and neural activity. The neural may develop defects due to traumatic experiences during childhood, injury to the head, genetic defects and substance abuse among oth ers. Such individuals are prone to make bad choices (Simon, 2008). Free will helps one to choose how to act in a situation or behave toward other people. Neuroscientists of the opinion that free will is an allusion urge that a human being is not capable of controlling their impulsive behaviors. They unable to do so because they cannot make a choice between right and wrong and sometimes the impulses are so intense that they cannot control them even if they tried. Some struggle to overcome their destructive impulses but fail and end up acting them out. The topic of free will remains controversial as it is not easy to prove that a person did not have the power to control their actions especially when mental illnesses has not been detected. Moreover, some serial killers plan their murders and them cover-up so well and it is difficult to determine whether they know if their actions are morally wrong (Simon, 2008). Each human being has an innate seed of evil. However, the difference betwe en good men and bad men is good men can control their evil impulses even though not perfectly and the bad men act on them as Simon puts it â€Å"bad men do what good men dream† (Simon, 2008 p. 143). People who can control their evil impulses are emotionally healthy whereas the bad men are psychologically dysfunctional.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The psychologically dysfunctional people cannot separate themselves from other people and depend on them completely such that they cannot draw a line between themselves and others. On the other hand, psychologically functional people accept themselves and do not depend on others for approval. The healthy people accept both their strengths and weaknesses but the unhealthy people will seek to destroy other people to experience self-worth albeit for short period until they commit their next destructive act. Some studies show that human fate lies in our genes. For a long time it was thought that a person’s fate lay with the stars but the genes play a big role in a person’s life and their character. The brain is unique in very human being and reacts differently to the surrounding and relationships formed throughout life. Some people can integrate well in their environment and become good men and women but others fail to do so and become bad men who act on their evil impulse s making them psychopaths. As mentioned before every human being has a dark or evil side in their personality that is shaped by the environment, family, parents and the world. Unfortunately, some people are wired for trouble due to the composition of their genes. Luckily, most people are able to become good people and keep their evil impulses in check and life. That is why there are few serial killers despite the high number of abused children because many such children do not become abusers (Simon, 2008). Finally, our justice system should put concerted efforts in rehabilitation of people with psychological and disorders and behaviors who commit unspeakable acts that a psychologically human being would normally not commit. The four chapters in the book Bad me do what good men only dream, show that the justice system has not been very effective in dealing with the problem by punishing bad men as some who have been released from incarceration went back to their evil ways and did comm itted more killings. The punishment received did not deter them because the problem is often beyond their control hence they need rehabilitation and in some cases to be kept in the rehabilitation centers for good because some cannot control the urge to kill if set free. More resources should be devoted to study psychological disorders and behaviors as it is not a well-known subject and remains controversial. There is potential of reducing the number of people who die in the hands of people who have mental problems if only the right action is taken early. The justice system should take victim’s complaints of stalking seriously and accord them the necessary protection before they lose their lives in the hands of killers who will stop at nothing until they have accomplished their selfish ends. Moreover, the justice system should come up with stiff punishment for parents and caregivers who expose children to abuse as in so doing they create potential monsters who will one day unl eash violence on innocent victims. A healthy childhood it appears would solve a lot of problems that children develop later in life as they would not need to develop spilt personalities to cope with the pain they experience in the hands of their abusers because some of the split personalities developed become destructive and chilling crimes are committed. Prevention is better than cure is clichà © but rehabilitation would be better than awaiting to punish wrong doers that might not even recognize their wrongs. Enable people to contain their inner demons instead of waiting until the come out, and harm innocent people. Reference List Gardar, A. (2011). Neuroscience, free will and moral responsibility. Trames, 15 (2), 147-155. Savvopoulos, S. Manolopoulos, S. Beratis, S. (2011). Repression and splitting in the psychoanalytic. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 92, 75-96. Simon, R. (2008). Bad men do what good men dream. Washington, DC, London: American psychiatric Publishin g, Inc. This essay on Psychological Disorders and Behaviors was written and submitted by user Runaways to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Chinese Government essays

Chinese Government essays China is one of the largest countires in the world and the most populated. China is a communist country that holds many different beliefs and values then our own free country, the United States of America. This communist country is very restricted and government controlled. The United States focuses more on people control. Here we have choices, we vote and we have many freedoms. Our leaders are not intent on hiding everything from us. This is not to say that we have completely honest leaders, but in years past, I believe this to be shown more predominant. In the past the American government has not always been completely open with the general population, but it has never been as restricting as other countries in the world, including China. Recent years show more of an open government in the United States, especially with President Bill Clinton. Being a part of the trial for impeachment of Bill Clinton opened America up to see that our government is comprised of people too. It also showed us that they make mistakes and are not hiding behind their power to keep it a secret from the general population. More and more, the government is being open with the general public about terrorism and going to war. Since media became a big deal, it seems that we can know just about anything we need to know about our government. In contrast to this, China keeps many aspects of its government hidden from the general population. People in China do not have the same kind of inside information that we get from our media. Most people do not have access to the internet, and those who do, may not have full access. China has forever tried to shield their people from the idea of democracy and general human rights offered in many other countires, like the United States of America. Many of the policies implimented in China would never be accepted in the United States. Americans value their free choice too much to follow any laws compromising...

The Role of Sound and Music in Modern Cinema Essay

The Role of Sound and Music in Modern Cinema - Essay Example This paper discrubes the most important effect the advent of sound had on screenplays was that screenwriters were now able to use dialogue and give their characters a voice. To make a conclusion a distinction can only be made regarding a director's specific stylistic and aesthetic choices within the respective crafts. And as the development of sound over the decades has shown, the advent of new technologies, film theory and criticism, audiences and genre expectations, studio interests, marketing issues, casting, social movements, trends and fashions can all influence a director's reasoning behind the individual design of a soundtrack. By exploring the historical development of sound in the movies, from a pianist visualising galloping horses to its first appearance in The Jazz Singer in 1927, to the masterfully executed dance scene in Godard's Band a parte, to Tarantino's post-modern usage of popular song, it is clear that sound has developed into the equal partner of cinematography as the director's main storytelling tool. Pioneered over the decades by such versatile directors like Renoir, Godard, Hitchcock, Leone and Coppola, sound design and score have given characters a voice, locations an atmosphere, the narrative an unifying force and resulted in audiences not only being able to enjoy spell-bounding visuals, but also to appreciate a film with all its emotional, subconscious, realistic or surrealistic audio-aesthetic facets. To conclude, sound design and score can't be read as unrelated entities in a films' soundtrack. Throughout the history of cinema, filmmakers have discovered that sound design and film music are equally effective story telling tools.... The following examples show how sound has been used as a versatile and powerful storytelling tools in the movies. Sound can: set up the mood for a film: The opening scene of Le Mepris where shots of Brigitte Bardot's naked body are accompanied by a melancholic score that indicates that tragedy is looming. reflect a film's theme: The 'duelling banjo' scene in Deliverance, where a hillbilly boy outplays a city-slicker, supports the film's theme of socio-cultural differences between rural and urban America. be used as an editing tool to create rhythm: The sex scene in Delicatessen where all activities in an apartment building rhythmically adapt to the sound of coil springs under a couple's bed. create suspense: The aggressive string motif in Jaws indicates a shark attack is imminent. reflect a character: The light-hearted flute melody that introduces free-spirit Nobody at the beginning of My Name Is Nobody. place a film in a specific cultural and historical setting: Ska, Northern Soul a nd 1980's pop songs make up the soundtrack of This Is England (2006) that is set in the English Skinhead scene of 1983. It has to be noted that aforementioned films are examples of how sound design and film music (meaning both a score that is specifically composed for a film as well as published music) are used as a storytelling tool. Indeed, it is hard to identify just one film that doesn't use sound design and music on its soundtrack. Hence, my argument in the following essay will be that sound design and film music don't exist separately but make up a movie's aural landscape together, as they are both powerful audio storytelling tools in their own right. Furthermore, I will analyse the motivations behind individual directors' different approaches towards

Organisations and behaviour Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisations and behaviour - Case Study Example , democracy, and laissez-faire as proposed by behavioral theorists1, however, the different leadership styles are currently considered to be transformational, transactional, or charismatic. Autocratic or authoritarian leadership style bestows all the decision-making powers solely on the leader, and motivation is achieved through rewards or punishments. However, for both at Egg and Taylor Woodrows workforce, this type of leadership may impact negatively on motivation of employees. Considering that the two companies both put a lot of emphasis on employee involvement, autocratic style leadership may not foster effectual communication, a tool highly and considerably associated with effective implementation of change. Democratic or participative leadership allows employees to get actively involved in decision-making processes by developing plans aimed at helping employees evaluate their performance. This form of leadership will particularly impact positively in regard to workforce motivation at Taylor Woodrow given that they already have a working Performance and Development Review in place. Moreover, participative leadership permits establishment of goals by the workforce, promotes growth on the job and promotions, and recognizes achievement. Therefore, during change implementation, participative or democratic leadership facilitates employee motivation, which in effect leads to improved organization performance and profitability. At Egg, democratic or participative leadership proves to be the most effective leadership style since the company puts a lot of emphasis on employee-management relationship, allowing employees to get involved in planning, performing, and achieving for themselves and the company in overall. Addition, the company’s strategic approach toward employee is anchored on a ‘know yourself, know your people’ concept that puts not only the targets of the company itself but also those of the workforce at the core of its operations. With the

Activity Based Costing (ABC) Case Study: Exxonmobil

Activity Based Costing (ABC) Case Study: Exxonmobil STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT This paper presents an assessment of the set up of an activity-based costing (ABC) for Exxon Mobil, a global oil company. The discussion in the paper is structured as follows: Setting up an activity-based costing for Exxon Mobil – This first section presents an overview of activity-based costing and focuses on how such a system could be set up for Exxon Mobil. Stages involved in designing ABC systems – The second section of the paper presents the stages involved in the set up of an activity-based costing system. Selection of cost drivers – An important factor in the set up of an activity-based costing system is the selection of the cost drivers. The third section of the paper discusses this. Calculation and Examples– The fourth section presents an example calculation for the activity-based costing for Exxon Mobil. Limitations of information from ABC systems – The fifth section of the paper presents the limitations and issues in the use of activity-based costing. Conclusion – Finally, the last section summarises the arguments presented in the paper and highlights the key points to conclude the paper. A.  SETTING UP AN ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING FOR EXXON MOBIL Activity-based costing is utilised to improve business processes through behavioural, business and accounting practices, and â€Å"focuses on costs associated with activities, but also evaluates whether those activities add value, thus providing a means of understanding how to most effectively reduce costs† (Maiga Jacobs, 2003). This paper discusses specific areas that will help ExxonMobil in setting up an activity-based costing system. It is possible to set this up for ExxonMobil to drive its performance but this will require two key principles in pursuing this approach: Commitment from senior management – Setting up the ABC system will require strong commitment from senior management as there may be challenges and questions raised by different stakeholders as this approach is pursued. Transparency in measures – In addition to commitment, setting up an ABC system will also require that the organisation be transparent in its financial and operating figures in order to achieve the most benefit from implementing such a system. B.  STAGES INVOLVED IN DESIGNING ABC SYSTEMS There are several key stages that organisations need to follow in designing ABC systems in organisations. The key stages in designing ABC systems are as follows (Allott, 2004): Determine scope and key activities performed – This stage involves the development of key objectives and activities for departments and the organisation. The challenge in this stage is to ensure that there aren’t too many activities that then render the analysis as inaccurate given the detail required. Apportion direct staff time and assess the organisations’ resources required –The management within the businesses then need to assess the resources required to work on the key activities defined in the first stage. This stage requires the evaluation of where employees spent their time, as this will be apportioned as part of the ABC system. Add other direct costs – Aside from the costs related to the staff and their time, other direct costs will also need to be included as part of the analysis and measurement. Allocate department and corporate overheads and identify the key outputs produced – The outputs for the activities determined in stage one should be defined. These outputs should be largely measurable though there could be some activities that won’t have directly measurable outputs. From this, departmental and corporate overheads can then be allocated. Split into value-adding and non-value adding activities and also assess activity-level drivers and cost-input drivers – The fourth stage is to assess the value-adding and non-value-adding activities, and also the factors that cause the activity to occur which includes both activity-level drivers and cost-input drivers. The activity-level drivers are related to the frequency of the occurrence of the activities while the cost-input drivers are related to the cost of performing the activities for the organisation. Cost drivers are particularly important in designing ABC systems and the next section discusses this concept further. Calculate unit cost – Once all the measurements and factors have been defined, it is then possible to calculate the unit cost for various output measures. This will then drive the next stage. Use findings to determine improvement opportunities – In designing and implementing an ABC system, there should be well define improvement opportunities that the organisations will target. This will be based on the findings that result from the analysis and are important, as this will drive the actions of the employees and the organisation. Thus, these improvement opportunities should be initiatives that are achievable and, at the same time, could impact the performance of the organisation significantly, if achieved. The stages defined above are the high-level key stages in designing and implementing an ABC system for organisations. C.  SELECTION OF COST DRIVERS As mentioned in the previous section on the stages of designing an ABC system, the identification of cost-input drivers is important in the proper implementation of the ABC system. This section discusses the selection of cost drivers in greater detail in the context of an ABC system. Cost drivers play an important role as the objective in identifying the cost drivers is to be able to determine how the organisations can manage and control the costs effectively and make beneficial changes to how these costs drive the organisation. The end goal then is to have lower costs for the firm and better operational and financial performance which could lead to strong competitive advantages for organisations versus the competitors in a sector. There are some principles that are important in the identification of the cost drivers for an ABC system. The selection of cost drivers is important for the following reasons: Drive performance of organisation – The ABC system can be used through the cost drivers to drive the performance of the organisation. Improve internal understanding – Having the right cost drivers selected for the ABC system will enhance the understanding of the employees of the value-adding activities and be able to focus on the activities that merit the most time. Address external concerns – Finally, some external stakeholders will need to be catered to in the selection of cost drivers. The next few paragraphs show how this is important. Aside from an internal assessment of the key cost drivers for an organisation, there are also factors that could come into play. For example, one of the factors driving the selection of cost drivers is external pressure on these cost drivers. Given the increasing focus on the environment in recent years, the pressure to control and manage the environmental costs especially in industries such as the oil sector has increased with investors concerned about potential liabilities that could impact the firm and the general public, including the government, concerned about the health consequences that may result from toxic emissions and materials (Lee, 2005). These environmental costs can be significant as seen from the following examples (Lee, 2005): W. R. Grace had charges totalling US$50 million in 1998 for environmental remediation Koch Petroleum Group spent significant amounts over the course of a few years for environmental impact and refinery pollution: circa US$7 million in 1998, circa US$$8 million in 1999, and circa US$2 million in 2000 NCH Corporation charged earnings in the amount of circa US$16 million in 2000 for environmental remediation Unocal provided provisions amounting to US$22 million in 2002 for environmental remediation and lowering earnings Overall for industries such as utilities, steel and metals, oil, paper, and chemicals, which deal with environmentally-sensitive areas, estimates place â€Å"environmental expenditures to be annual spending of over 1% of revenues† Thus, with the pressure externally to manage environmental costs, this has become a cost driver that firms such as Exxon Mobil need to include in an activity-based costing system. The key reasons for including this cost driver are as follows (Lee, 2005): Environmental issues continue to be increasingly focused on by the public and environmental groups globally Environmental decision-making is thus critical and information to be able to manage and control this factor needs to be collected by the relevant firms A proactive stance in managing environmental costs can be very beneficial for firms in these environmentally-sensitive areas particularly â€Å"in terms of risk reduction, prevention of liabilities, and the preservation of firm reputation† D.  CALCULATION AND EXAMPLE In implementing an ABC system in ExxonMobil, it is important to have an initial review of what the cost drivers for Exxon Mobil could be in terms of the design of an ABC system. Before continuing on this path, a number of assumptions have to be stated: (1) this is a high level example of a calculation for ExxonMobil as an in-depth review has not been conducted to properly do an ABC system for the organisation, (2) only quick estimates are presented given that these are based on an outside-in perspective utilising existing financial reports, (3) no specific details have been provided yet by the organisation. The focus of this analysis is only on the Upstream (Oil Gas Exploration and Production) division. A review of their summary annual report indicates that the following could be the key cost drivers that Exxon Mobil would focus on for their ABC system: 2007 Canada Outside Revenue US So. America America Worldwide Production Costs 2,275 2,206 5,852 10,333 Depn and depletion 1,493 1,256 6,159 8,908 Exploration Expenses 282 273 947 1,502 Taxes 1,347 126 8,258 9,731 Income tax 2,429 1,190 23,924 27,543 Total Costs 7,826 5,051 45,140 58,017 Number of units (mn) 232 167 1,126 1,526 Unit Costs 33.70 30.16 40.09 38.03 With re-allocation Production Costs 2,048 1,985 6,300 10,333 Depn and depletion 1,493 1,256 6,159 8,908 Exploration Expenses 254 246 1,003 1,502 Taxes 1,262 118 8,351 9,731 Income tax 2,276 1,111 24,156 27,543 Total Costs 7,332 4,716 45,969 58,017 Number of units (mn) 232 167 1,126 1,526 Unit Costs 31.57 28.16 40.83 38.03 + other central costs 8.00 8.00 12.00 10.95 (per unit) Total unit costs 39.57 36.16 52.83 48.98 Revenue per unit 52.42 49.40 55.55 54.40 Profit per unit 12.85 13.24 2.72 5.42 The above calculations are based on a number of assumptions made for the purpose of showing how using an ABC system could alter the results of the performance of the regions and allow the organisation to then make better decisions. The assumptions were made up in this scenario and it could be the other way around in that the greater costs end up in the US and Canada / South America regions. The objective in showing these calculations were to highlight the impact that activity-based costing could have in generating a deeper understanding of the costs that are incorporated in the financials of organisations. The way the costs are then broken up and allocated to different cost divisions will have an impact on these divisions and the decisions made. The important aspect to consider is that the ABC system should identify the right allocation of the costs through an understanding of the time spent by the staff including other factors that the organisation may deem important in the ABC system. E.  LIMITATIONS OF INFORMATION FROM ABC SYSTEMS The limitations of information from ABC systems can be looked at in two ways: (1) limitations in establishing and implementing the ABC systems, and (2) limitations in the use of the information resulting from the ABC systems implemented in an organisation. This section looks at both of these limitations. E.1.  Limitations in establishing and implementing the ABC systems One of the key challenges in implementing an activity-based costing system is the ability to collect the correct information for the proper use of the system. Throughout the years of the use of the ABC system, a number of limitations have come to the fore. The key limitations most often cited have been the following: Subjectivity in distribution of time. A key concern of users of the ABC system was the proper distribution of time among the key activities that employees worked on, and the subjectivity in allotting the time raised some concerns and issues in the potential reliability of the system (Journal of Accountancy, 2008). In recent years, there have been improved processes which were designed to minimise the subjectivity in the distribution of time by employees, particularly with the approach used in time-driven activity-based costing with a key benefit in simplifying the process (Lambino, 2007). However, this has not been well communicated and there is still a general concern about this issue for the ABC system. Complexity of retrieving information for the ABC system. Another factor that had hampered the use of the ABC system has been the general feeling that the retrieval of information was too complex and that the input required in order to complete the process for the ABC system was too demanding (Max, 2008). Similar to the point above, there have been further developments which have tended to minimise the complexity surrounding the retrieval of the information needed for the ABC system but this has not been accepted widely though the trend is changing. The two limitations highlighted above are the key reasons that implementation of the ABC system has been limited. In organisations where the ABC system has been implemented, the two limitations identified have affected the use of information churned out by the ABC system. This is discussed further in the next part. E.2.  Limitations in the use of information resulting from ABC systems For the organisations which have made the decision to implement the ABC system, there are still limitations in the information that need to be considered as the information is utilised in the organisations’ decision-making. The key limitations are the following: Costing not an exact science. The output from the ABC system remain as estimates and are impacted by the subjectivity of some of the inputs as described in the previous part of the this section. The use of cost averages and estimates lessens the transparency of the cost and profitability information and thus results in a key limitation in the use of the ABC system (Max, 2007). Potential misuse of information. This argument is not be construed as to be done intentionally. But where the information is not properly linked between activities and processes, the potential exists to have inaccurate results which then impact on how the information is utilised (Crance, Castellano Roehm, 2001). F.  CONCLUSION It is possible to implement an ABC system for ExxonMobil. A number of conclusions and follow up steps can be highlighted: High level draft of implementing was shown to be possible. Next step is to have a proper review to follow the complete stages if the organisation were keen to go ahead. Detailed process is needed to complete an ABC system implementation – ExxonMobil will need to commit to this and assign resources in order to push the effort to have the ABC system implemented. Commitment and transparency important for the implementation – It is critical to get the buy-in and support of top management and the key managers of the organisation. Through these next steps, it is possible to move into the next stage of having the ABC approach designed for ExxonMobil and implemented in the organisation. REFERENCES Allott, A. (2004), ‘Activity-based management’, New Straits Times, 3 July 2004, [online], accessed on 11 November from Global Factiva Database, http://factiva.com Crance, J., Castellano, J., Roehm, H. A. (2001), ‘SPC enhances ABC’, Industrial Management, 43(6), [online], accessed on 11 November from Global Factiva Database, http://factiva.com ExxonMobil (2007), ‘ExxonMobil: Taking on the world’s toughest challenge’, 2007 Summary Annual Report Journal of Accountancy (2008), ‘Linking Strategy to Operations’, 206 (44), [online], accessed on 11 November from Global Factiva Database, http://factiva.com Lambino, C. (2008), ‘Time-Driven activity-based costing’, Government Finance Review, 23(4), [online], accessed on 9 November from Global Factiva Database, http://factiva.com Lee, T. (2005), ‘Environmental issues and managerial accounting: The IFAC exposure draft’, Petroleum Accounting Financial Management Journal, 24(1), [online], accessed on 10 November from Global Factiva Database, http://factiva.com Maiga, A. S., Jacobs, F. A. (2003), ‘Balanced scorecard, activity-based costing and company performance: An empirical analysis’, Journal of Managerial Issues, 15(3), [online], accessed on 10 November from Global Factiva Database, http://factiva.com Max, M. (2008), ‘ABC Trends in the Banking Sector: A Practitioners Perspective’, Journal of Bank Cost Management Accounting, 21(1), [online], accessed on 10 November from Global Factiva Database, http://factiva.com Max, M. (2007), ‘Leveraging Process Documentation for Time-Driven Activity Based Costing’, Journal of Bank Cost Management Accounting, 20(3), [online], accessed on 11 November from Global Factiva Database, http://factiva.com Chronic Stress: Causes, Effects and Treatments Chronic Stress: Causes, Effects and Treatments Report on Chronic Stress Introduction Stress is an unavoidable part of life. Be it at home or the workplace, different challenges arise which ultimately lead to stress. There are various types of stress related issues, one of which is chronic stress (American Psychological Association, 2015). Chronic stress is that branch of stress when there is an overwhelming response emotionally to any situation which an individual deems to be out of his or her control. This type of stress is characterized by the release of corticosteroids in the human body, especially the endocrine system which triggers the increase of stress. Though these hormones might be beneficial for a short period of time, continuous stress inducing activities can lead to a constant release of hormones which can cause fatal side effects (Bruno, 2012). Detection of chronic stress There are various methods through which chronic stress can be detected early to ensure immediate correction. Our body begins to give us various warning signals during our daily life which can be a symptom of increased stress. It affects all the functioning of our body and makes us feel unbalanced and hypersensitive (Chandola, Brunner Marmot, 2006). If a person is suffering from chronic stress, then he or she will be easily irritated or overwhelmed by any situation (Sanders, 2014). These people will be unable to concentrate on anything for long and will constantly worry about the tasks ahead of them. Also, they will feel extremely isolated and suffer from physical strain and nausea. These symptoms can also be related to other physical or psychological problems and therefore requires a full diagnosis by a doctor to be sure (Scott, 2014). Differences and similarities with other diseases Although the physical and chemical reactions to various mental disorders can be similar, there is a vast difference between them. For example, stress is similar yet different from anxiety in many ways (The Stress Management Society, 2015). Stanford University’s associate chair of psychiatry and behavioral sciences David Spiegel says that â€Å"while the line between stress and anxiety often gets blurred, there are distinct things to be aware of-including how these emotions affect the body and the root causes of each† (Holmes, 2014). The chemical reactions that occur in our body are very similar during chronic stress and anxiety. The physical reactions that occur in our body during both stress inducing and anxiety inducing causes include an increase of heartbeats, quick breathing and tightening of muscles. Yet anxiety and stress are different in various ways. He says that while we feel chronic stress we are very much aware of the causes behind it while in anxiety we usua lly do not know what exactly we are anxious about (Holmes, 2014). Another important psychological term which is often confused with chronic stress is depression. Laura J. Martin, MD and MPH, states that the causes behind both chronic stress and depression are often the same (McEwen Lasley, 2002) Any traumatic incident in our lives, such as loss of a job or the death of a loved one, can lead to both chronic stress as well as depression. In fact, it is more likely that while chronic stress is the first response to any such life-changing situation, prolonged exposure to stress can also lead to depression. â€Å"Stress, or being stressed out, leads to behaviours and patterns that in turn can lead to chronic stress burden and increase the risk of major depression,† states Bruce McEwen, PhD (McEwen Lasley, 2002). But it has also been noted that depression and chronic stress can be caused by different reasons. Most people who are resilient towards stressful activities are quite able to carry on with their lives without becoming depressed (Segerst rom Miller, 2004). Also, people tend to become depressed even though there are little or no stressful incidents in their lives. While any one incident can cause chronic stress, it requires a combination of a few stressors to become clinically depressed (McEwen Lasley, 2002). Effects of chronic stress Effect on health: Stressful activities are always around us, yet people almost always find a way to deal with the stress. If you are stressed over a huge pile of work, deadlines to meet, a conflict with your spouse or any other incident, your body always reacts in the same way (Psychiatry, 2009). The release of stress hormones in our body helps us to respond to the chronic stress until it is resolved (Sincero, 2012). But a prolonged exposure to chronic stress can lead to a continuous flow of hormones in our body which can be harmful. It disturbs all the other systems of our body and causes a rise of blood pressure levels, increased risk of heart attacks or strokes, decrease in fertility and accelerated aging (Miller, Chen Zhou, 2007). The usual physical effects of chronic stress are pain, insomnia, loss of weight and skin conditions like eczema (Sanders, 2014). Also, Dr. Richard Weinstein, a private chiropractor and a member of the American Chiropractic Association’s Council on Nutrition and the National Institute of Chiropractic Research, says that â€Å"the adrenal glands have a nasty tendency to rebound†, which means that the physical effects of chronic stress can return â€Å"if the cause of the cortisol imbalance is not addressed.† (Weinstein, 2004) Effect on behavior: Chronic stress can lead to certain changes in our behavior pattern as well. Since chronic stress is a result of a prolonged exposure to stressors, many changes can be detected in the behavior of these people (Carthage, 2013). The patients who are suffering from chronic stress reveal particular habits and behavior, such as moodiness, irritability, agitated behavior or isolation from friends and family (Helpguide.org, 2015). These people are prone to angry outbursts and impulsive decisions and are generally unhappy about everything around them. Their eating and sleep patterns also change and they develop certain unhealthy habits like drinking alcohol, biting nails or pacing. This in turn affects their social and personal lives (Weinstein, 2004). Effect on brain: According to the recent findings of the University of California, Berkeley, it has been found that due to the excess release of hormones due to chronic stress, certain permanent changes occur in the brain which results in people becoming prone to other mental diseases (Lupien et al., 2009). After conducting a series of experiments, Daniela Kaufer, UC Berkeley associate professor of integrative biology, and her colleagues, have come to the conclusion that chronic stress causes the generation of more myelin-producing cells and fewer neurons than acceptable (Weinstein, 2004). This often leads to an increase of myelin or white matter in certain parts of the brain, which can cause a disruption in the critical functions of the brain like the neuronal system (Bergland, 2014) Treatment of chronic stress At one point in our lives, everybody experiences stress due to one factor or another. Since avoiding stress is completely impossible, there are certain steps that can be taken to cope with it (Breazeale, 2012). Some of them include: Consult a proper psychologist or psychiatrist and ask him to do a full evaluation if you are experiencing overwhelming situations, suicidal thoughts, etc. Seek help from a doctor and redress any new or existing health issues. Contact your friends, family, community or organization to share emotional issues and ask for help in dealing with stressful situations. Identify any symptoms that you might be going through, such as eating or sleeping disorder, anger, depression or loneliness, and try to solve these problems. Prioritise your tasks and decide what must be completed now and what you can do later. Refuse to take up any new tasks if you feel overburdened. Make a list of what you accomplished at the end of the day. Avoid spending too much time thinking about certain issues. Indulge in regular exercises daily and plan your exercising and eating activities to make sure they are balanced. Take up certain stress reducing activities like yoga, meditation etc. (Thaker et al., 2006) Conclusion Being â€Å"stressed out†, as many people would call it, and being actually stressed, both physically and mentally, is a significant issue, as highlighted in this article by the number of intricacies involved in chronic stress (Medical News Today, 2014). Whether the symptoms of stress are recent or have been continuing for a long period of time, it is important to immediately look into the problem and discover new forms and therapies to address and solve the issue (Holmes, 2014). To seek relief from the stressors, it would be better to consult a proficient therapist and examine the causes behind the stress and how to decrease it. References American Psychological Association. (2015). Understanding chronic stress. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/understanding-chronic-stress.aspx Bergland, C. (2014). Chronic Stress Can Damage Brain Structure and Connectivity. Psychology Today. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201402/chronic-stress-can-damage-brain-structure-and-connectivity Breazeale, R. (2012). Ways To Manage Chronic Stress. Psychology Today. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-the-face-adversity/201202/ways-manage-chronic-stress Bruno, K. (2012). The Stress-Depression Connection | Can Stress Cause Depression?. Webmd.com. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://www.webmd.com/depression/features/stress-depression Carthage,. (2013). 11 Behavioural symptoms of stress. Are you experiencing stress?. Coaching Positive Performance. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://www.coachingpositiveperformance.com/11-behavioural-symptoms-of-stress/ Chandola, T., Brunner, E., Marmot, M. (2006). Chronic stress at work and the metabolic syndrome: prospective study.Bmj,332(7540), 521-525. Helpguide.org,. (2015). Stress Symptoms, Signs, Causes: The Effects of Stress Overload and What You Can Do About It. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/stress-symptoms-causes-and-effects.htm Holmes, L. (2014). The Difference Between Stress And Anxiety. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/25/stress-anxiety-difference_n_4833172.html?ir=India Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,10(6), 434-445. McEwen, B., Lasley, E. (2002). The end of stress as we know it. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press. Medical News Today,. (2014). What is stress? How to deal with stress. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/145855.php Miller, G. E., Chen, E., Zhou, E. S. (2007). If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans.Psychological bulletin,133(1), 25. Psychiatry, M. (2009). Stress Management Strategies Marks Psychiatry. Marks Psychiatry. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://markspsychiatry.com/stress-management-strategies/ Sanders, R. (2014). New evidence that chronic stress predisposes brain to mental illness. Newscenter.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/02/11/chronic-stress-predisposes-brain-to-mental-illness/ Scott, E. (2014). What Are Your Stress Symptoms?. About.com Health. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://stress.about.com/od/understandingstress/a/stress_symptoms.htm Segerstrom, S. C., Miller, G. E. (2004). Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry.Psychological bulletin,130(4), 601. Sincero, S. (2012). Three Different Kinds of Stress Acute, Episodic and Chronic. Explorable.com. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from https://explorable.com/three-different-kinds-of-stress Thaker, P. H., Han, L. Y., Kamat, A. A., Arevalo, J. M., Takahashi, R., Lu, C., Sood, A. K. (2006). Chronic stress promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in a mouse model of ovarian carcinoma.Nature medicine,12(8), 939-944. The Stress Management Society. (2015). Common Stressors that You can Encounter Every Day. Retrieved 10 March 2015, from http://www.stress.org.uk/stress-solutions/common-stressors.aspx Weinstein, R. (2004). The stress effect. New York: Avery.

Who Killed JFK? :: American America History

Who Killed JFK? Before we started the section on John F. Kennedy in our class I would have said that Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated him without a question in my mind. After reviewing videos on this subject in class I am now not so sure. Was there really a conspiracy to kill Kennedy or as a nation do we over analyze something that was an open and shut case? After reviewing the information in class I do not think Oswald was the lone assassin. I do not even think that Oswald was the assassin. The most convincing evidence that I received was the video showed in class where there was a man who was a specialist in stripping away layers in photographs down to tiny particles. He had a picture of the shooting of JFK and stripped the layers away. The picture showed tiny particles coming off the back of JFK's head. Seeing this made me come to the conclusion that JFK was not shot from behind but from the front therefore Oswald could not of shot JFK because the book depository was positioned behind the presidents vehicle. I think that the death of JFK was pinned on Oswald because the police were pressured to find the assassin of JFK. Oswald was an easy target because he openly held communist beliefs during a time when the cold war and anti-communist feelings were at its highest. I believe that Jack Ruby truly shot Oswald so that Mrs. Kennedy would not have to relive that day when Oswald went to trial. People do strange things when caught up in the moment and the whole country was turned upside down over the assassination of President Kennedy. People thought it was suspicious that Jack Ruby was able to get so close to Oswald. He was able to do this because he was known by many of the officers, frequented the station and therefore was not perceived as a threat. I think the attitude changed towards the government after the assassination because the government did not run the investigation efficiently. They should of hired a group outside the governments CIA and FBI branches to run the investigation so that they could get an objective view instead of the view that the FBI and CIA knew their superiors wanted. I believe that we are more cynical in 2000 than 1963. We as a country have been through a lot of eye openers in the 37 years that have passed since the Presidents assassination.

Autozone and Caterpillar

Consider the auto parts buyer decision process. How has this process changed for new Outshone customers. How has the economy Influenced this change?! If we rely to Miami FL specifically to answer this question, it would be easy to answer, because in this city the majority of the population is Hispanic. This is a target that has immigrated from his native country, in which they are used to having their same car for many years. Unlike the American people who are used to having new cars tie often. The changing economy these days also has a lot to do with It. Since, people often prefer to buy the portion of the vehicle that Is bad, and change whatever Is necessary instead to buy a new car. They prefer to spend In small quantities to make larger investments as it be would a new car. ‘ 2. Veils www. Outshone. Com. Does It appear that the company Is trying to help the newer, lessknowledgeable customer? Based on your observations, what recommendations would you make to Outshone?! Yes, I think they're trying to help customers, or at least tries to pretend that.Their website have several discounts. For example, you can rent certain tools If you have also pick the piece that you need in the store Just in twenty four hours, which I think is pretty convenient. According to my point of view as well as designer and client I would slightly improve the website, because it is a bit confusing, it has everything everywhere, the texts are in different colors like, black, gray, white, orange. In my opinion a website should look clean and tidy so in that way the client can move through it in a more efficient manner.!Caterpillar! . Given the nature of the demand for its products, is there anything that Caterpillar could do to maintain or increase revenues in a down economy?! Since this company is directly dependent on other companies, which are responsible for building and are in need of this heavy machinery. I think the key to improve or maintain their income, would offer packa ges and special offers. As would several machines, whether the more indispensable machines for building in a better price.Or maybe have a department of resale, where are responsible for buying and selling old machinery and restore it and sell it again at better price than a new one.! 2. As a corporation that fuels the economy to some extent, is there anything that Caterpillar could do to facilitate a global economic recovery?! Probably yes, since this is a company that eventually is need to all the things that want to be build. Therefore Caterpillar could develop certain plans to help small businesses or new businesses doing something similar as exchanges; That is they provide them much more economical machinery, or instead of selling the machines,

A Tragic Fate Caused by a Society Filled with Realism Essay

Arthur Miller, born in 1915, he is the greatest realistic master in the American theatrical circles in the post world period. Modern American society is the background of his many works, which portray common mans common life, fully reflect the real features of the American society in that period. He always laid stress on the society, which he describes as a strength related to money, social moral, and relations with people, etc. Death of a salesman is Arthur Millers most famous and notable play. It is a modern tragedy, the hero, Willy Loman is not grand and noble, but a common man, however, he is a symbol for Americans in the postwar period of growing wealth and affluence. Theatrical commentators generally hold that this play not only†¦show more content†¦Willy wants to be impressive and well liked, be well known. He reveres two men, one is the great salesman Dave Singleman, and another is his brother Ben. They are both very succeeded in getting rich, although by different way. Willy admires their value. Singleman is remembered and loved and helped by so many different people. At the age of eighty-four, he made his living by selling merchandise in thirty-one states even without leaving his room. Ben becomes rich by force, and he always advocates: when I walked into the jungle, I was seventeen. When I walked out I was twenty-one. And by God, I was rich. Willy chose the job of Singleman, because the job of salesman presents security and recognition in the society. But Ben always appeared in his mind, Bens adventure of getting rich quickly also stimulated Willys American dream. Singleman and Ben, both figures vividly reveal Willys contradictory i deological state. He does not know how to deal with these two opposite senses of value. He believes social personality will make one succeeded, but he lost his real nature. Fuller commented, concerning this play Mr. Miller has said, `The fact that Willy Loman is by trade a salesman is important, but secondary, Central is that he has taken on a new-a social-personality which is calculated to ensure his material success In so doing he has lost his essential-his real-nature, which is contradictory to his assumed one, until he is no longer able to know what he trulyShow MoreRelatedThe Necklace, by Guy de Maupassant3165 Words   |  13 PagesIn the short story ‘the Necklace’ Guy de Maupassant employs the use of literary realism for his readers to understand his view on social hierarchy in France during the 1900s. Maupassant achieves this by making several references to everyday, mundane activities; and the allure of Paris’s aristocracy. Maupassant uses an abundance of linguistic techniques which often make the theme of the Necklace; a contrast between an enchanting lifestyle to a common life of the middle class. 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